District Profile

Major farming systems/enterprises (based on the analysis made by the KVK)

S.No	Farming system/enterprise
1.	Wet Land: Paddy-Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana
2.	Garden Land: Paddy-Paddy-Groundnut, Paddy-Paddy-Ragi / Cumbu / Pulses, Paddy-Paddy-Vegetables, Sugarcane, Banana, Flowers
3.	Dry Land: Groundnut-Pulses (with Pulses as Inter crop), Groundnut- Gingelly, Groundnut-Ragi/Horse gram, Minor Millets-horse gram, Cotton, Sorghum

S.No

Farming system/enterprise

Wet Land:

Paddy-Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana

Garden Land:

Paddy-Paddy-Groundnut, Paddy-Paddy-Ragi / Cumbu / Pulses, Paddy-Paddy-Vegetables, Sugarcane, Banana, Flowers

Dry Land:

Groundnut-Pulses (with Pulses as Inter crop), Groundnut- Gingelly, Groundnut-Ragi/Horse gram, Minor Millets-horse gram, Cotton, Sorghum

Description of Agro-climatic Zone & major agro ecological situations (based on soil and topography)

S. No	Agro-climatic Zone	Characteristics
1.	North Eastern Zone	The climate is basically semi-arid tropical. While the period from March to June experiences very hot weather condition, cold weather condition prevails during November to January. The average minimum and maximum temperatures are 13^oC and 44^oC respectively.

S. No	Agro ecological situation	Characteristics
1.	Zone –AES 1 Walajah, Sholinghur, Arakkonam, Kaveripakkam and Nemili blocks.	Red Non calcareous soil, low rainfall and low elevation areas
2.	Zone –AES 2 Vellore, Kaniyambadi, Anaicut, K.V Kuppam, Katpadi, Arcot and Timiri block.	Red Non calcareous soil, low rainfall and medium elevation areas
3.	Zone –AES 3 Gudiyatham, Pernambut, Madhanoor, Alangayam, Tirupathur, Jolarpet, Kandili and Natrampalli blocks.	Red calcareous soil, low rainfall and medium elevation areas

S. No

Agro ecological situation

Characteristics

Zone –AES 1

Walajah, Sholinghur, Arakkonam, Kaveripakkam and Nemili blocks.

Red Non calcareous soil, low rainfall and low elevation areas

Zone –AES 2

Vellore, Kaniyambadi, Anaicut, K.V Kuppam, Katpadi, Arcot and Timiri block.

Red Non calcareous soil, low rainfall and medium elevation areas

Zone –AES 3

Gudiyatham, Pernambut, Madhanoor, Alangayam, Tirupathur, Jolarpet, Kandili and Natrampalli blocks.

Red calcareous soil, low rainfall and medium elevation areas

Soil types

S. No	Soil type	Characteristics	Area in ha
1.	Sandy and Sandy Loam	Sandy soil: Visible large particles to the unaided eye, usually light in colour and stays loose allowing moisture to penetrate easily. This soil type cannot form a ball when squeezed in the fist and feels coarse in texture when wet or dry. Sandy Loam soils : Sandy loam soils are dominated by sand particles, but contain enough clay and sediment to provide some structure and fertility. Sandy loam soils are broken down into four categories, including coarse sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam and very fine sandy loam. The size of the sand particles is measured in millimeters and their concentration in the soil is used to determine which category a soil falls under. Sandy loam soils are made of approximately 60 percent sand, 10 percent clay and 30 percent silt particles.	48894
2.	Red Loam	Soil composed mostly of sand and silt, and a smaller amount of clay (about 40%-40%-20% concentration respectively). The reddish colour reflects the presence of iron oxides that form as a result of chemical weathering.	178836
3.	Clay and Clay Loam	Clay : 40 percent or more clay, 45 percent or less sand, and less than 40 percent silt. Clay loam : 27 to 40 percent clay and more than 20 to 46 percent sand.	118125
4.	Black Cotton	They are very fertile. They are black in colour. They are high in organic matter. They often form in grasslands and wetlands. Organic matter contains plant nutrients and it also improves the physical properties of the soil, enhancing it for plant growth. It is also known as regur soil.	4020

Area, Production and Productivity of major crops cultivated in the district for 2018-19

S. No	Crop	Area (ha)	Production (q)	Productivity (kg/ha)
1	Paddy (3 season)	63470	222098	5080
2	Cholam	6179	8193	1326
3	Cumbu	2056	5220	2539
4	Ragi	6417	40772	4163
5	Maize	5072	36518	7200
6	Redgram	14270	19137	1450
7	Greengram	2014	1643	860
8	Blackgram	4176	1828	588
9	Horsegram	6152	9439	978
10	Other pulses	2223	1334	600
11	Groundnut	44506	79356	2202
12	Castor	274	192	700
13	Gingelly	280	168	600
14	Sugarcane	14030	1109952	94000
15	Cotton	6830	55515	6800

(Source: Office of the Joint Director of Agriculture, Vellore 2018-19)

Horticulture

S.No.	Crop	Area (ha)	Production (tones)	Productivity (tones /ha.)
1	Banana	2910	93187	40
2	Mango	15810	205530	9.3
3	Guava	722	1569	20
4	Sapota	550	19278	20
5	Papaya	184	43330	200
6	Tomato	1343	24270	25
7	Onion	35	290	18
8	Bitter gourd	26	510	10
9	Water melon	46	1744	13
10	Jasmine	1265	14473	10
11	Crossandra	66	227	8.5
12	Rose	57	552	8
13	Chillies	720	1375	10
14	Turmeric	846	5663	20
15	Coriander	80	28	1
16	Brinjal	1397	41100	30
17	Bhendi	1203	10832	12

(Source: Office of the Joint Director of Agriculture, Vellore, 2018 – 19

Production and productivity of livestock, Poultry, Fisheries etc. in the district

Category	Population	Production	Productivity
Cattle
Crossbred	185544	362.960 mt liter milk/year	12 lit /day
Indigenous	371088	24.53 mt liter milk/year	5 lit / day
Buffalo	16308	6.386 mt liter milk/year	6 lit / day
Sheep
Crossbred	383270	6160836 kg meat/year	1 lamb/ year
Indigenous	143201	142598 kg meat /year	1 lamb/ year
Goats	324052	3625125 kg meat year	1.5 kid/year
Pigs	18865
Crossbred	3253	130120 kg meat /year	8 piglets/year
Indigenous	15612	468360 kg meat /year	6 piglets/year
Rabbits	4818	6251 kg meat /year	8 kitten/year
Poultry
Hens
Desi	6469194	185.4 lakhs eggs/year	94 eggs/year
Improved	18200	476.2 lakhs eggs/year	164 eggs/year
Ducks	10173	4012 eggs/year	100 eggs//year
Turkey and others	7232	3714 eggs / year	170 eggs /year