District Profile

1 Major farming systems/enterprises (based on the analysis made by the KVK) 

S. No	Farming system/enterprise
a.)	Wet land Rice           –      Rice              –   Sesame/Pulses/Groundnut (June – July)    (Aug – Sept)    (March – April) Sugarcane (Dec – Jan)
b.)	Garden land Groundnut/Millets        – Groundnut     – Sesame (June – Sept)                 (Oct –Jan)        (Feb – March)
c.)	Dry land Groundnut/Millets – Groundnut / Sesame / Pulses (June – Sept.)                (Oct.-Jan)
d.)	Other crops Cotton, Tapioca, Brinjal, Gourds, Chillies, Watermelon, Cashew,  Casurina, Banana,  Mango,  Guava, Coconut, Tuberose, Button Rose, Crossandra, Jasmine
e.)	Other enterprises EDP-Home products, toy making, turmeric, flower crop and agro-forestry nursery, cashew processing, dairy farming, goat and sheep rearing.

2. Physical and Administrative features

Particulars		Before Bifurcation	After Bifurcation
Total Geographical Area (Sq. km)	:	7245.91	3725.54
No. of Sub division	:	4	2
No. of Blocks	:	22	13
No. of Villages (Inhabited)	:	1490	932
No. of Village Panchayats	:	1099	693

3. Agroclimatic zone 

S. No	Agro-climatic Zone	Characteristics
1.	North Eastern Zone	The District is situated between 8.5’ and 13.2’ of North latitude and 15’and 80.22’East longitude. The normal annual rainfall  of 1029.4 mm  is  received in 63rainy days  The north eastern  season provides  maximum amount of 601  mm rainfall in 29 rainy days followed by southwest monsoon  contributing 294 mm in  24 rainy days. The major soil types are red loam and clay loam. Black soils are present in limited extent and coastal alluvial soils occur along the sea coast. In coastal taluks have saline and alkaline soils of about 12,000 ha. They are distributed in patches.The climate in the Zone is basically semi arid tropical. The hottest months are April-June and the cold climate prevails during December and January. The average maximum temperature varies from 19.5º C to 24.8 º C. It has a wet period of 7 months and dry period of 5 months in a year. The relative humidity is highest during the months of October- November. The ground water is available at a depth of 12-13 mm from the ground surface in many locations (dry land areas). Therefore, it is possible to get water if necessary for tree crops during summer, for protective water supply. In the coastal areas, water logged /swampy area with saline water is seen and such areas can be properly used by suitable agro forestry programmes.

4. Agro ecological situations

S. No	Agro ecological situation	Characteristics
1	North Eastern Zone	1.  Red non calcareous – Low rainfall – Low Elevation 2.   Red non calcareous – Low rainfall – Medium Elevation 3.   Red non calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 4.   Red non calcareous – Medium rainfall –Medium Elevation 5.   Red non calcareous – High rainfall – Low Elevation 6.   Red calcareous – Low rainfall – Low Elevation 7.   Red calcareous – Low rainfall – Medium Elevation 8.   Red calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 9.   Red calcareous – Medium rainfall –Medium Elevation 10. Red calcareous – High rainfall – Low Elevation 11. Black non calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 12. Black non calcareous – Medium rainfall – Medium Elevation 13. Black calcareous – Low rainfall – Medium Elevation 14. Black calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 15. Black calcareous – Medium rainfall – Medium Elevation 16.Coastal saline alkaline and swamp – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation

5. Soil type

S.No.	Soil type	Area (in ha)
Hills & Uplands
1	Shallow, red gravelly loam soils	20823.38
2	Shallow, red gravelly clay soils	4747.85
3	Medium deep, red gravelly clay soils	3561.07
4	Deep to very deep, red clay soils	42195.97
Plains
5	Medium deep, clay soils	46469.22
6	Medium deep, red gravelly clay soils	89779.93
7	Deep to vey deep, red loamy soils	138699.01
8	Deep, calcareous clayey soils (low lands)	123436.87
9	Very deep, Sandy soils	7752.15
10	Very deep, lateritic clayey soils	7137.11
11	Very deep, calcareous black soil	183661.52
12	Deep to very deep, black soils	19828.90
13	Rocky lands	133314.36
14	Marshy lands	6101.09

 

6. Block wise soil type 

S. No	Name of the block	Soil type	Major nutrients which are deficient	Micro-nutrients which are deficient
1.	Melmalaiyanur	Partially Red, Clay loam and Sandy loam	Nitrogen, Sulphur	Zinc, Iron, Silicon
2.	Gingee	Red and Sandy loam	Nitrogen	Silicon
3.	Vallam	Loamy and Clay loam	–	Copper
4.	Olakkur	Loamy and partially Sandy loam	Nitrogen
5.	Marakanam	Red Sand ,Sand and Sandy loam	Nitrogen	Zinc,Iron ,Silicon
6.	Vanur	Red,clay loam and Red sandy loam	Nitrogen	Silicon
7.	Mailam	Sandy loam	–	Zinc,Iron
8.	Vikkravandi	Slightly Alluvial and loamy	Nitrogen	–
9.	Kandamangalam	Loamy soil	–	Copper
10	Koliyanur	Clay loam	Sulphur	Copper
11	Kanai	Loamy and clay loam	Sulphur	Copper
12	Mugaiyur	Loamy and Sandy loam	Nitrogen	Zinc,Iron
13	T.V.Nallur	Sandy belt and loamy	Nitrogen	Zinc,Iron

7. Weather data

Rainfall details	2017	2018	2019
Actual (mm)	1066.9	727.5	475.3
Normal (mm)	1011.6	1011.6	1018.3
% deviation	5	-28.1	-57.5

8. Land Utilization

Particulars	Area (In ha)
Total Geographical Area	722203
Forest	71697
Barren and  uncultivable land	56651
Area under non agricultural use	192766
Other cultivable land excluding fallow lands	19981
Fallow land	96486
Net area sown	341314
Total cropped area	462735
Area sown more than once	121421

9. Area, Production and Productivity of major Agricultural crops

S. No	Crop	Area (ha)	Production (Metric tons)	Productivity (kg /ha)
1	Paddy	163000	744300	4566
2	Bajra	21366	62046	2904
3	Ragi	1802	3418	1897
4	Thenai	845	1014	1200
6	Varagu	149	240	1613
7	Maize	17258	143810	8333
8	Redgram	280	44	159
9	Greengram	2475	1989	804
10	Blackgram	87570	74178	847
11	Sugarcane	57000	6327000	111000
14	Groundnut	51000	133773	2623
15	Gingelly	8379	5546	662
16	Cotton	8600	16099	1872

 

10. Operational land holding
    

    Classification of land holdings	No. of holdings	Area operated (ha)
    Marginal (upto 0.99 ha)	594544	194263
    Small (1.00 – 1.99 ha)	77358	106039
    Semi medium (2.00-3.99 ha)	5453	67624
    Medium (4.00 – 9.99 ha)	5,315	28805
    Large (10.00 – above)	361	5899
    Total	703031	402629

11. Irrigated area
    

    Particulars	Area (In ha)
    Net area irrigation by canals	754
    Net area irrigation by Tanks	24155
    Net area irrigation by Tube wells/ Bore wells	48692
    Net area irrigation by Open wells	145534
    Net area irrigation by other sources	Nil
    Gross area irrigated	316050
    % of gross area irrigated to gross area sown	68
    Net area irrigated excluding supplying wells	230494
    % of net area irrigated to new area sown	67.53
    Area irrigated more than once	121421
    Irrigation intensity	1.37

12. Livestock and Poultry population

Category of livestock	Population (Nos.)	Production (Nos.)	Productivity
Cattle – Cross bred	671581	3693695	5.5 litres/day
Cattle – Indigenous	113685	170527	1.5 litres/day
Buffaloes	17714	38970	2.2 litres/day
Sheep	244582	3424148	14 kg/animal
Goat	400110	6401760	16 kg/animal
Pig	15218	1065260	70 kg/animal
Rabbits	4288	6432	1.5 kg/animal
Backyard Poultry (Meat)	1230856	1846284	1.5 kg/bird
Backyard Poultry (Eggs)	651154	45580780	70 eggs
Farm Poultry	1578960	3473712	2.2 kg/bird
Fish – Marine	25714 Million	845990 Million	32. 9 MT
Fish – Inland	600	2400000	2.4 MT

13. Households

Particulars	In Numbers
Total Household	658000
Rural Household	561000
BPL Household	196000

 

14. Workers profile

Particulars	In Numbers
Cultivators	411000
Of the above, Small/Marginal Farmers	373000
Agricultural Labours	431000
Workers engaged in Household Industries	26000
Workers engaged in Allied Agro –activities	320000
Other workers	257000

15. Workers profile

Particulars
Population	34.59  lakhs
Density per sq.km	481
Scheduled Caste	10.61 lakhs
Scheduled Tribe	0.749 lakhs

16. Infrastructure and Support services for Agriculture

Particulars	Quantity
Fertilizer/Seed/Pesticide Outlets	65 Nos.
Total N/P/K consumption	72609 MT
Pesticides consumed	7112 litres
Agriculture Tractors	4834 Nos.
Threshers/Cutters	4307 Nos.
Agriculture pumpsets	196789 Nos.
Pumpsets Energised	157899 Nos.
Agro Service Centres	22 Nos.
Soil Testing Centres	8 Nos.
Plantation nurseries	4 Nos.
Farmer’s Clubs	70 Nos.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra	1 Nos.

17. Infrastructure for development of allied activities

Particulars	Quantity (in Nos.)
Veterinary Hospital /Dispensaries	141
Disease Diagnostic Centres	1
Artificial Insemination Centres	230
Improved Fodder Farms	641
Animal Markets	2
Milk Collection Centres	465
Fisherman Societies	44
Fish seed farms	28
Slaughter houses	2

18. Agro-Processing units

Type of Processing Activity	No. of units
Food (Rice/Flour/Dal/Oil)	444
Sugarcane (Gur/Khandasri/Sugar)	7
Fruit (Pulp/Juice/Fruit drink)	1
Cotton (Ginning/Spinning/Weaving)	28