District Profile – KVK Virudhunagar

Major farming systems/enterprises (based on the analysis made by the KVK

S. No	Farming system/enterprise
1.	Farming Situations –RainfedVertisol Rainfed Cotton + Pulses – fallow Rainfed Sorghum + Cowpea – fallow Rainfed Pulses – fallow Rainfed Sunflower – fallow Rainfed Maize/Pearl millet – fallow Rainfed Coriander +Bengal gram
2.	Farming Situations –RainfedAlfisol Rainfed Groundnut + Redgram – fallow Rainfed Sorghum + Cowpea – fallow
3.	Rainfed tank ayacut Rice – fallow
4.	Gardenland Pulses – Rice/Cotton – Vegetables

S. No	Agro ecological situation	Characteristics
1	Agro ecological Zone-I	Rainfed area is 2.62 lakh ha, receiving 425 mm annual rainfall mainly from NEM and LGP is 115 days. Specifically Unimodel Rainfall and single crop

S. No	Agro-climatic Zone	Characteristics
1	Southern Agro-climatic Zone	The climate of the region is semi-arid tropic with an average annual rainfall of 830 mm. The station is having black soil, the depth ranging from0.6 to 1.2 m. The soil group is vertisol with clay loam and underlying canker nodules.

S. No	Soil type	Characteristics	Area in ha
1	Red loam	Shallow to very deep, well drained with clay enriched B horizon and more of sesquioxide in the surface horizon, red to yellow in colour due to ferric oxides, variable in texture from loamy sand to clay loam, pH of 6.0 TO 7.5, shallow to deep depth, well drained, low in CEC and base saturation, low in organic matter, low in N,P and high in K.	22,991
2	Lateritic Soil	More of sesquioxide in the surface horizon, deeply weathered, high clay content, pH of 6.0 to 6.8, with depth there is a decreasing intensity of red colour and clay content, deficient in P due to high P fixing capacity, toxicity of Al and Mn as well as deficiency of K, Ca, Mg, Zn and B	1, 33,987
3	Black Soil	Having high clay content, towards calcareous, pH of 7.8 to 9.4, have high CEC, high moisture holding capacity, black colour due to clay humus complexes, low in organic matter, low in N, P and high in K	2, 23,774
4	Sandy Coastal Alluvium	Recently formed, shows little or no horizonation, light coloured, coarse in texture mostly sandy loam, problems of soil salinity and sodicity, deficient in N,P and organic matter	18,456

S. No	Crop	Area (ha)	Production (Qtl)	Productivity (Qtl /ha)
1	Paddy	10609.4	811400	76.48
2	Cholam	16445.5	633150	38.50
3	Cumbu	3890.1	166990	42.93
4	Ragi	148.5	6140	41.35
5	Maize	18139.2	1487240	81.99
6	Other Cereals	1674.2	9020	5.39
7	Bengalgram	35.4	20	0.56
8	Redgram	1258	8820	7.01
9	Greengram	6133.9	45940	7.49
10	Blackgram	3130.3	26890	8.59
11	Horsegram	27.3	200	7.33
12	Other pulses	676.7	3960	5.85
13	Groundnut	5838	93290	15.98
14	Gingelly	1504	19520	12.98
15	Sunflower	685	9310	13.59
16	Cotton	13257.8	51710	3.90
17	Sugarcane	2349.3	2302370	980.02
18	Banana	758.6	308790	407.05
19	Coriander	1982.5	10940	5.52
20	Chillies	1277.1	10870	8.51
21	Onion	1242.2	41460	33.38
22	Tapioca	7.7	2500	324.68
23	Cardamom	324.8	280	0.86

Month	Rainfall (mm)	Temperature ⁰ C		Relative Humidity (%)
		Maximum	Minimum
April 2018	7.8	38.0	24.0	73
May 2018	242.8	36.0	23.0	68
June 2018	4.8	37.0	23.5	76
July 2018	22.0	6.7	23.4	70
August 2018	167.8	37.0	23.0	74
September 2018	5.6	35.6	22.3	77
October 2018	115.0	32.9	23.5	88
November 2018	98.0	31.6	21.5	82
December 2018	2.0	2.4	21.9	81
January 2019	12.0	32.8	17.0	78
February 2019	–	34.8	22.1	74
March 2019	–	37.9	23.5	71