Technologies Developed

AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

Technologies developed

IPM for Rice

• Sequential application of insecticides alone viz., Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G @ 10 kg/ ha at 25 DAT, cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @ 1.0 kg/ ha at 50 DAT and Fipronil 5 SC @ 1000 ml/ ha at 60 DAT (or)
• Combined application of botanicals and Insecticide viz., Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm @ 1000 ml/ ha at 25 DAT, Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G @ 10 kg/ ha at 45 DAT and Neem oil 1% @ 10 lit./ ha at 60 DAT effectively suppressed the major pests of rice

IPM capsule for management of maize fall armyworm

• Application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ ha @ last ploughing to increase plant and soil health
• Seed treatment with cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% FS @ 4 ml/ kg seed
• Border cropping with cowpea, gingelly/ redgram or sunflower in garden land conditions & fodder sorghum in dry land conditions @ 3 rows of selected crop
• Monitoring of FAW adults using pheromone traps @ 12/ ha and damage score at weekly intervals following TNAU 1-5 scale
• Release of Telenomus remus @ 1,25,000/ ha @ early vegetative stage
• Application of insecticides as follows:

Early whorl stage (15 – 20 DAE)

• Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.4 ml/ lit (or) flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.5 ml/ lit followed by azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 5 ml/ lit on need basis.
• Metarhizium anisopliae (TNAU-MA-GDU isolate) @ 2.5 kg/ ha (1.6 x 10¹¹ spores/ ml) at 35-40 DAE.

Late whorl stages (35-40 DAE)

• Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.4 g/ lit. or novaluron 10 EC @ 1.5 ml/ lit. or spinetoram 11.70 SC @ 0.5 ml/ lit.

Tasseling and cob formation stage (60 – 65 DAE) (if required)

• Spinetoram 11.70 SC @ 0.5 ml/ lit. (or) emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.4 g/ lit. (Do not repeat insecticide sprayed at late whorl stage).

Management of pod borer complex, pod bugs and pod fly in Redgram

• Application of thiamethoxam 25 WG at 100g/ ha in flowering
• Novaluron 10 EC @ 750 ml/ ha in early pod formation
• Flubendiamide 39.35% m/m SC 100 ml/ ha in pod maturity stage

Management of Cotton Sucking Insect Pests in the High Density Planting System

• Seed treatment with Beauveria bassiana @ 10 g/ kg of seed
• Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ ha
• Setting up of yellow sticky trap @ 12 nos./ ha
• Release of green lacewing @ 1 lakh eggs/ ha at 30 DAS
• Need based spraying of azadirachtin 0.03% EC 2500 ml/ ha.
• Need based spraying of diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 600 g/ ha or thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 100g/ ha followed by dinotefuran 20 % SG @ 150 g/ ha or flonicamid 50% WG @ 150 g/ ha on crossing ETL

IPDM capsule for the management of major pest and diseases including virus diseases in chillies

• Seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis (Bbv 57) @ 10g/ kg of seed
• Barrier crop with three rows of maize (closely sown)
• Placing yellow sticky traps @ 12 nos./ha.
• Basal soil application of micronutrient mixture @ 2.5 kg each of ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate and boric acid per hectare + foliar spraying of micronutrient mixture (0.2% concentration of each ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate and 0.1% boric acid) at 30 and 45 days after sowing
• Roguing out of virus infected plants upto 45 days after transplanting
• Need based application of imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 3ml/10 lit followed by pyriproxyfen 10% EC @ 1ml/lit. at 10 days interval
• Need based spraying of azoxystrobin 18.2% w/w + difenoconazole 11.4% w/w SC @ 0.1% thrice at 15 days interval immediately after noticing the powdery mildew or die-back

 IPDM for the management of major pests and diseases of onion

• Seed treatment with thiophanate methyl @ 2.5 g/kg of seed
• Soil application of Bacillus subtilis (Bbv 57) @ 1.25 kg/ha + Trichoderma asperellum (Tv1) @ 1.25 kg/ha + VAM fungi @ 12.5 kg/ha + azophos @ 4kg/ha + neem cake @ 250 kg/ha Need based application of tebuconazole @ 1.5 ml/l for purple blotch disease management and need based application of 3.3% mefenoxam + 33.1% chlorothalonil SC @ 0.1% followed by 23.4% mandipropamid SC @ 0.1 % for downy mildew management.
• Fipronil 80%WG @ 1.5 g/10 lit. for thrips on need basis
• Chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 2.0 ml/10 lit. for root feeders on need basis

IPM capsule for the management of rugose spiraling whitefly and Bondars’ nesting whitefly

• Water spray with jet focusing on lower surface of fronds
• Setting up of yellow sticky traps @ 20/ ha
• Trunk banding
• Hanging between trees
• Release of Apertochrysa astur eggs @ 1000/ ha
• Release of Encarsia parasitoids @ 250/ ha (only for RSW)
• No pesticides to be used

TNAU Sweet Flag 6 EC

• TNAU Sweet Flag 6 EC @ 10 ml/ kg of pulses seeds (Greengram, Blackgram, Bengalgram and Cowpea) was effective against pulse beetle in seeds.

Biological control of cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti

• The parasitoid, Anagyrus lopezi was imported from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [IITA], Benin through ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru and it is mass cultured and being distributed from Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur
• The parasitoid, Anagyrus lopezi @ 250 nos./ ha is recommended for the management of cassava mealybug

Pokkah boeng disease and Crown mealy bug in Sugarcane

• Sett treatment with propiconazole 25% EC (30 min.) @ 1.0ml/ lit. + imidacloprid 70 WS @ 1.5 ml/ lit. (5 min)
• Spraying of sugarcane booster @ 2.5 kg, 3.5 kg and 5 kg /ha @ 45, 60, 75 days after planting
• Removal of top rot and knife cut infested plants, ensure de-trashing
• Discourage the crop after two ratoon
• Prophylactic spray at the field borders (3 rows) with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 3 ml/10 lit.
• Spraying of propiconazole 25% EC 1 ml + imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.3 ml + sticking agent 1 ml + water 1 lit. @ 3 MAP for 3 times @ 15 days interval

• Mass production technologies for Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis have been developed for ecofriendly management of crop diseases. The mass production technology that includes data on bioefficacy and toxicology has been developed for the purpose of registration under Central Insecticide Board (CIB).
• Molecular and immunodiagnostic methods have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of cassava mosaic virus, banana viruses, coconut root wilt, sugarcane red rot and mango anthracnose disease and aflatoxin contamination in grains of cereals.
• Several resistant genotypes against important plant pathogens have been identified which are being used in the resistance breeding programmes as resistant donors.
• Several new generation fungicides have been evaluated and integrated disease management technologies developed for the newly emerging diseases of various crops.
• Genetically engineered crop plants with resistance to important pathogens have been developed and are being evaluated for gene expression and stability.
• Several defense genes have been cloned and characterized from plants and microbes and deposited in the GenBank database.
• Several varieties of edible mushrooms viz., Co1, Co2, Co3, M2 in oyster mushroom have been released for commercial cultivation.
• Developed outdoor cultivation technology of paddy straw mushroom as intercrop in maize, banana and sugarcane fields for the first time in our country.

• Nematologists of this Department working in Nem-main and AICRP (Nematodes) have been engaged in developing nematode management technologies and these recommendations are regularly included in the Package of Practices of the University.
• Three emerging pests of Tamil Nadu have been recognized such as root knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii from guava, first record from India; incognita from pomegranate, M.incognita and M.arenaria from mango, and M.indica from citrus, new records from Tamil Nadu.
• Two of the fungal antagonists that infect nematodes especially those laying eggs in masses such as root knot nematodes, reniform, citrus and cyst nematodes are Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia. A venture capital scheme provided by the university was taken up under which the two bioagents are mass produced in talc formulations and distributed to farmers at a price of Rs. 120/- per kg. The produce is widely used for managing root knot nematode in vegetables, tube rose, cucumber grown in polyhouses, guava, pomegranate and banana. Almost 4.5 tonnes have been sold over a three years period across Tamil Nadu and other states.
• Extension programmes conducted in the form of FIELD DAYS, FARMER’S MELAS, KISAN GOSHTI, NEMATODE AWARENESS CAMAPAIGNS etc.
• HR activities have been strengthened by conducting three Refresher courses in Nematology for the new incumbents of AICRP nematodes from various centers across the Country during 2015, 2016 and 2017 (each 12 to 15 participants) funded by the Project Coordinator, AICRP (Nematodes).
• A ten day training on Nematology for a Canadian student, Ms.Hannah Arseneault, I M.Sc student of Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie Agricultural Campus, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada- from 11^th to 22^nd 2019 at Dept. of Nematology, TNAU, Cbe.